↑ Trumbach, Randolph (1994). London’s Sapphists: From Three Sexes to Four Genders in the Making of Modern Culture. In Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History, edited by Gilbert Herdt, 111-36. New York: Zone (MIT). ISBN978-0-942299-82-3
↑ Domurat Dreger, Alice (2001). Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex. USA: Harvard University Press. ISBN978-0-674-00189-3.
↑ LeBow, Diana, Rethinking Matriliny Among the Hopi, p.8.
↑ Schlegel, Alice, Hopi Gender Ideology of Female Superiority, in Quarterly Journal of Ideology: "A Critique of the Conventional Wisdom", vol. VIII, no. 4, 1984, pp.44–52
↑ 100 Native Americans Who Shaped American History, Juettner, 2007.
↑ Agrawal, A. (1997). “Gendered Bodies: The Case of the 'Third Gender' in India”. Contributions to Indian Sociology 31 (2): 273–297. doi:10.1177/006996697031002005.
↑ Young, Antonia (2000). Women Who Become Men: Albanian Sworn Virgins. ISBN1-85973-335-2
↑ McGee, R. Jon and Richard L. Warms 2011 Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History. New York, McGraw Hill.
↑ Pember, Mary Annette (13 tháng 10 năm 2016). “'Two Spirit' Tradition Far From Ubiquitous Among Tribes”. Rewire. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 10 năm 2016. Unfortunately, depending on an oral tradition to impart our ways to future generations opened the floodgates for early non-Native explorers, missionaries, and anthropologists to write books describing Native peoples and therefore bolstering their own role as experts. These writings were and still are entrenched in the perspective of the authors who were and are mostly white men.
↑ de Vries, Kylan Mattias (2009). “Berdache (Two-Spirit)”. Trong O'Brien, Jodi. Encyclopedia of gender and society. Los Angeles: SAGE. tr. 64. ISBN9781412909167. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 3 năm 2015. [Two-Spirit] implies that the individual is both male and female and that these aspects are intertwined within them. The term moves away from traditional Native American/First Nations cultural identities and meanings of sexuality and gender variance. It does not take into account the terms and meanings from individual nations and tribes.... Although two-spirit implies to some a spiritual nature, that one holds the spirit of two, both male and female, traditional Native Americans/First Nations peoples view this as a Western concept.
↑ Kehoe, Alice B. (2002). “Appropriate Terms”. SAA Bulletin. Society for American Archaeology 16(2), UC-Santa Barbara. ISSN0741-5672. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 5 tháng 11 năm 2004. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2019. At the conferences that produced the book, Two-Spirited People, I heard several First Nations people describe themselves as very much unitary, neither "male" nor "female," much less a pair in one body. Nor did they report an assumption of duality within one body as a common concept within reservation communities; rather, people confided dismay at the Western proclivity for dichotomies. Outside Indo-European-speaking societies, "gender" would not be relevant to the social personae glosses "men" and "women," and "third gender" likely would be meaningless. The unsavory word "berdache" certainly ought to be ditched (Jacobs et al. 1997:3-5), but the urban American neologism "two-spirit" can be misleading.
